Burroughs, Raymond Darwin. (1976).
"Lewis and Clark in Buffalo Country"
We Proceeded On, Winter Issue 1976, Volume 2, No. 1, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article exploring the expedition's experiences in buffalo country, highlighting the contributions of members like the Field brothers.
Field, Eugene A., Lucie C.. (2006).
"The Ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery"
Reference View Source
Genealogical study detailing the family history and ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Joseph Field, a key member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Reubin Field, brother of Joseph and participant in the expedition.
Hulse, James. (2022).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky Field Brothers"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Information on the historical marker dedicated to the Field brothers in Kentucky.
Lange, Robert E.. (1978).
"The Expedition’s Brothers: Joseph and Reuben Field"
We Proceeded On, July 1978, Vol. 4, No. 30, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article focusing on the roles and contributions of Joseph and Reubin Field during the expedition.
Large, Arlen J.. (1994).
"EXPEDITION SPECIALISTS The Talented Helpers of Lewis and Clark"
We Proceeded On, February 1994, Vol. 20, No. 1, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of the specialized skills of expedition members, including the Field brothers.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Badgers"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Scientific description of badgers encountered during the expedition.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Grizzly Profiles"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Profiles of grizzly bears, including encounters involving the Field brothers.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Hunting"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Details on hunting practices during the expedition, where the Field brothers excelled.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Mule Deer"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Scientific information on mule deer, hunted by expedition members.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Rattlesnakes"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Description of rattlesnakes encountered on the journey.
Prentice, Ronald. (2013).
"Family Tree of Reubin Field"
WikiTree
Reference View Source
Genealogical family tree for Reubin Field.
Walcheck, Kenneth C.. (2004).
"Of Wolves and Prairie Wolves"
We Proceeded On, May 2004, Vol. 30, No. 4, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article on wolves and prairie wolves described by the expedition.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of nine Kentucky men in the expedition, including the Field brothers.
"March 3, 1804"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from March 3, 1804, providing context for the expedition's early days.
(2019).
"Reuben and Joseph Field"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
National Park Service article on Reuben and Joseph Field.
(2005).
"The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
U of Nebraska Press / U of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries-Electronic Text Center
Reference View Source
Complete electronic edition of the Lewis and Clark journals.
Ellner, Dawn.
"Mule Deer"
Flickr
Reference View Source
Photograph of a mule deer, used under CC BY 2.0, cropped from original.
Haynes, Michael.
"Shooting for the Red Leggings"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration depicting a shooting contest during the expedition.
Haynes, Michael.
"Winter Hunters"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration of winter hunting scenes involving the Field brothers.
Haynes, Michael.
"Moreau River 1804"
Michael Haynes Art
Reference View Source
Painting depicting the expedition at the Moreau River in 1804.
Celley, Courtney, USFWS. (2021).
"White-tailed deer"
Flickr
Resource View Source
Photograph of a white-tailed deer, illustrating wildlife hunted by the expedition.
Frazer, Robert. (1837).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of the expedition's discoveries.
Dinosaur National Monument. (2009).
"Midget-faded rattlesnake, Crotalus oreganus concolor"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a midget-faded rattlesnake, representing reptiles encountered.
Herbert, Neal. (2016).
"Mule deer buck"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a mule deer buck, highlighting game animals.
Herbert, Neal. (2015).
"Grizzly Bear"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a grizzly bear, illustrating dangerous wildlife encounters.

Text Sources

Burroughs, Raymond Darwin. (1976).
"Lewis and Clark in Buffalo Country"
We Proceeded On, Winter Issue 1976, Volume 2, No. 1, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article exploring the expedition's experiences in buffalo country, highlighting the contributions of members like the Field brothers.
Field, Eugene A., Lucie C.. (2006).
"The Ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery"
Reference View Source
Genealogical study detailing the family history and ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Joseph Field, a key member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Reubin Field, brother of Joseph and participant in the expedition.
Hulse, James. (2022).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky Field Brothers"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Information on the historical marker dedicated to the Field brothers in Kentucky.
Lange, Robert E.. (1978).
"The Expedition’s Brothers: Joseph and Reuben Field"
We Proceeded On, July 1978, Vol. 4, No. 30, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article focusing on the roles and contributions of Joseph and Reubin Field during the expedition.
Large, Arlen J.. (1994).
"EXPEDITION SPECIALISTS The Talented Helpers of Lewis and Clark"
We Proceeded On, February 1994, Vol. 20, No. 1, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of the specialized skills of expedition members, including the Field brothers.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Badgers"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Scientific description of badgers encountered during the expedition.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Grizzly Profiles"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Profiles of grizzly bears, including encounters involving the Field brothers.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Hunting"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Details on hunting practices during the expedition, where the Field brothers excelled.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Mule Deer"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Scientific information on mule deer, hunted by expedition members.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"Rattlesnakes"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Description of rattlesnakes encountered on the journey.
Prentice, Ronald. (2013).
"Family Tree of Reubin Field"
WikiTree
Reference View Source
Genealogical family tree for Reubin Field.
Walcheck, Kenneth C.. (2004).
"Of Wolves and Prairie Wolves"
We Proceeded On, May 2004, Vol. 30, No. 4, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Article on wolves and prairie wolves described by the expedition.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of nine Kentucky men in the expedition, including the Field brothers.
"March 3, 1804"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from March 3, 1804, providing context for the expedition's early days.
(2019).
"Reuben and Joseph Field"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
National Park Service article on Reuben and Joseph Field.
(2005).
"The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
U of Nebraska Press / U of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries-Electronic Text Center
Reference View Source
Complete electronic edition of the Lewis and Clark journals.

Photo Sources

Ellner, Dawn.
"Mule Deer"
Flickr
Reference View Source
Photograph of a mule deer, used under CC BY 2.0, cropped from original.
Haynes, Michael.
"Shooting for the Red Leggings"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration depicting a shooting contest during the expedition.
Haynes, Michael.
"Winter Hunters"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration of winter hunting scenes involving the Field brothers.
Haynes, Michael.
"Moreau River 1804"
Michael Haynes Art
Reference View Source
Painting depicting the expedition at the Moreau River in 1804.
Celley, Courtney, USFWS. (2021).
"White-tailed deer"
Flickr
Resource View Source
Photograph of a white-tailed deer, illustrating wildlife hunted by the expedition.
Frazer, Robert. (1837).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of the expedition's discoveries.
Dinosaur National Monument. (2009).
"Midget-faded rattlesnake, Crotalus oreganus concolor"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a midget-faded rattlesnake, representing reptiles encountered.
Herbert, Neal. (2016).
"Mule deer buck"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a mule deer buck, highlighting game animals.
Herbert, Neal. (2015).
"Grizzly Bear"
National Park Service
Resource View Source
Photograph of a grizzly bear, illustrating dangerous wildlife encounters.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

Faden, William.
"White Men Trading with Native"
Wikimedia
Reference View Source
Illustration depicting trade interactions between explorers and Native Americans.
National Museum of American History.
"Thomas Jefferson Peace Medal"
National Museum of American History
Reference View Source
Image of a peace medal presented by Thomas Jefferson to Native American tribes during the expedition.
National Park Service.
"Cartography Tools"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Details on the cartography tools used by William Clark for mapping during the expedition.
Packard, Ralph G., and National Museum of American History.
"Harpers Ferry Rifle"
National Museum of American History
Reference View Source
Image and description of the Harpers Ferry rifle used by the Corps of Discovery.
Parson, Edgar Samuel.
"Expedition Members and Sacagawea"
Wikimedia
Reference View Source
Illustration of expedition members, including Sacagawea, at Three Forks.
Peale, Rembrandt.
"Thomas Jefferson"
Wikimedia
Reference View Source
Portrait of Thomas Jefferson, who commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Rocco, Keith.
"Iron Framed Boat"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration of the iron-framed boat used during the expedition.
Rumsey, David.
"A Map of Lewis and Clark’s Track across the Western Portion of North America, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean : By Order of the Executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6"
Internet Archive
Reference View Source
Historical map tracing the expedition’s route across North America.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Blue and White Beads"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Image of blue and white beads used for trade during the expedition.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

(2019).
"Alcohol and the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details the role of alcohol in the expedition’s diet and morale.
(2024).
"August 28, 1805"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry describing the expedition’s food sources and activities on August 28, 1805.
(2021).
"Bitterroot"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on the bitterroot plant, a food source used by Native Americans and encountered by the expedition.
"Camas"
L3 – The Lewis and Clark Rediscovery Project
Reference View Source
Details the use of camas as a staple food during the expedition.
(2015).
"Common Camas"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Description of common camas, a key food source for the expedition.
(2019).
"Corn Mills and Types of Corn"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of corn processing and its role in the expedition’s diet.
"Cous Roots"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on cous roots, another plant-based food source.
(2023).
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical details on John Shields, including his contributions to food preparation.
(2024).
"November 15, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry detailing food-related activities on November 15, 1804.
(2023).
"Sugaring at River Dubois"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Description of maple sugaring as a food source during the expedition.
Ambrose, Stephen E.. (2005).
"Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening of the American West"
New York: Simon & Schuster
Reference Print Resource
Comprehensive history of the expedition, including details on food sourcing and preparation.
Fears, J. Wayne. (2016).
"Did Lewis and Clark Really - Use a Cast Iron Dutch Oven"
J. Wayne Fears - Rural Sportsman
Reference View Source
Exploration of cooking methods, focusing on the use of Dutch ovens.
Fifer, Barbara. (2023).
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical overview of Joseph Field, including his role in food procurement.
Fifer, Barbara. (2023).
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical overview of Reubin Field, including his contributions to food gathering.
Gunderson, Mary. (2003).
"The Food Journal of Lewis & Clark: Recipes for an Expedition"
Yankton, SD: History Cooks
Reference Print Resource
Collection of recipes and food-related details from the expedition.
Hunt, Robert R.. (2023).
"Alcohol Rations"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Details on the distribution and use of alcohol rations.
Hunt, Robert R.. (2023).
"Fishing"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Overview of fishing as a food source during the expedition.
Mansfield, Leslie. (2002).
"The Lewis & Clark Cookbook: Historic recipes from the Corps of Discovery & Jefferson’s America"
Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts
Reference Print Resource
Historical recipes inspired by the expedition’s food practices.
Meriwether, Lewis, and William Clark. (1983-2001).
"The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition"
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
Reference View Source
Primary source journals detailing food sources and preparation.
Moore, Robert J., and Michael Haynes. (2003).
"Lewis & Clark, Tailor Made, Trail Worn: Army life, Clothing & Weapons of the corps of discovery"
Helena, MT: Farcountry Press
Reference Print Resource
Study of expedition life, including food preparation and clothing.
Mussulman, Joseph A.. (2023).
"The Bitterroot Plant"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Detailed information on the bitterroot plant as a food source.
Mussulman, Joseph A.. (2022).
"The Salt Works"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Description of salt production for food preservation.
Yater, George H., and Carolyn S. Denton. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
Great Falls, MT: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc.
Overview of Kentucky members, including their roles in food procurement.
Reveal, James L., and Joseph A. Mussulman. (2023).
"Camas"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Detailed study of camas as a food source.
Robb, Bob. (2019).
"What Did Lewis and Clark Eat?"
Grand View Outdoors
Reference View Source
Overview of the expedition’s diet and food sources.
Townsend, Kristopher K.. (2023).
"Lewis’s Suet Dumplings"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Recipe and context for suet dumplings prepared during the expedition.
Townsend, Kristopher K.. (2023).
"Making Pemmican"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Details on the preparation of pemmican, a key food source.
Walcheck, Kenneth C.. (2023).
"Portable Soup"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Information on portable soup as a preserved food source.
National Park Service.
"Alcohol and the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Park Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of alcohol-related artifacts, used under Creative Commons, cropped from original.
Bartelbaugh, Charles.
"Bull Bison"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a bull bison, permission granted, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Camas, Camassia quamash"
Reference Print Resource
Image of camas plant, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Meriwether, Lewis.
"Codex C: 165"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Lewis’s journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Clark, William.
"Codex I, 119"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Clark’s journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Hough, Tony.
"Elk and Bison Two for One"
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of elk and bison, used under CC BY 2.0, cropped from original.
Curtis, Edward S..
"Joseph Dead Feast Lodge--Nez Percé"
Reference Print Resource
Historical photograph, public domain, cropped from original.
Levin, Matt.
"Large Indian Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Indian breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Pemmican"
Reference Print Resource
Image of pemmican, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Portable Soup"
Reference Print Resource
Image of portable soup, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Tobacco Leaves"
Reference Print Resource
Image of tobacco leaves, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
"White-Tailed Jackrabbit"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a white-tailed jackrabbit, cropped from original.
Frazer, Robert. (1837).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division
Reference View Source
Background image of the expedition’s route, public domain, cropped from original.

Text Sources

(2019).
"Alcohol and the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details the role of alcohol in the expedition’s diet and morale.
(2024).
"August 28, 1805"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry describing the expedition’s food sources and activities on August 28, 1805.
(2021).
"Bitterroot"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on the bitterroot plant, a food source used by Native Americans and encountered by the expedition.
"Camas"
L3 – The Lewis and Clark Rediscovery Project
Reference View Source
Details the use of camas as a staple food during the expedition.
(2015).
"Common Camas"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Description of common camas, a key food source for the expedition.
(2019).
"Corn Mills and Types of Corn"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of corn processing and its role in the expedition’s diet.
"Cous Roots"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on cous roots, another plant-based food source.
(2023).
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical details on John Shields, including his contributions to food preparation.
(2024).
"November 15, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry detailing food-related activities on November 15, 1804.
(2023).
"Sugaring at River Dubois"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Description of maple sugaring as a food source during the expedition.
Ambrose, Stephen E.. (2005).
"Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening of the American West"
New York: Simon & Schuster
Reference Print Resource
Comprehensive history of the expedition, including details on food sourcing and preparation.
Fears, J. Wayne. (2016).
"Did Lewis and Clark Really - Use a Cast Iron Dutch Oven"
J. Wayne Fears - Rural Sportsman
Reference View Source
Exploration of cooking methods, focusing on the use of Dutch ovens.
Fifer, Barbara. (2023).
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical overview of Joseph Field, including his role in food procurement.
Fifer, Barbara. (2023).
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical overview of Reubin Field, including his contributions to food gathering.
Gunderson, Mary. (2003).
"The Food Journal of Lewis & Clark: Recipes for an Expedition"
Yankton, SD: History Cooks
Reference Print Resource
Collection of recipes and food-related details from the expedition.
Hunt, Robert R.. (2023).
"Alcohol Rations"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Details on the distribution and use of alcohol rations.
Hunt, Robert R.. (2023).
"Fishing"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Overview of fishing as a food source during the expedition.
Mansfield, Leslie. (2002).
"The Lewis & Clark Cookbook: Historic recipes from the Corps of Discovery & Jefferson’s America"
Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts
Reference Print Resource
Historical recipes inspired by the expedition’s food practices.
Meriwether, Lewis, and William Clark. (1983-2001).
"The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition"
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
Reference View Source
Primary source journals detailing food sources and preparation.
Moore, Robert J., and Michael Haynes. (2003).
"Lewis & Clark, Tailor Made, Trail Worn: Army life, Clothing & Weapons of the corps of discovery"
Helena, MT: Farcountry Press
Reference Print Resource
Study of expedition life, including food preparation and clothing.
Mussulman, Joseph A.. (2023).
"The Bitterroot Plant"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Detailed information on the bitterroot plant as a food source.
Mussulman, Joseph A.. (2022).
"The Salt Works"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Description of salt production for food preservation.
Yater, George H., and Carolyn S. Denton. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
Great Falls, MT: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc.
Overview of Kentucky members, including their roles in food procurement.
Reveal, James L., and Joseph A. Mussulman. (2023).
"Camas"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Detailed study of camas as a food source.
Robb, Bob. (2019).
"What Did Lewis and Clark Eat?"
Grand View Outdoors
Reference View Source
Overview of the expedition’s diet and food sources.
Townsend, Kristopher K.. (2023).
"Lewis’s Suet Dumplings"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Recipe and context for suet dumplings prepared during the expedition.
Townsend, Kristopher K.. (2023).
"Making Pemmican"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Details on the preparation of pemmican, a key food source.
Walcheck, Kenneth C.. (2023).
"Portable Soup"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Information on portable soup as a preserved food source.

Images Used

National Park Service.
"Alcohol and the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Park Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of alcohol-related artifacts, used under Creative Commons, cropped from original.
Bartelbaugh, Charles.
"Bull Bison"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a bull bison, permission granted, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Camas, Camassia quamash"
Reference Print Resource
Image of camas plant, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Meriwether, Lewis.
"Codex C: 165"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Lewis’s journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Clark, William.
"Codex I, 119"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Clark’s journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Hough, Tony.
"Elk and Bison Two for One"
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of elk and bison, used under CC BY 2.0, cropped from original.
Curtis, Edward S..
"Joseph Dead Feast Lodge--Nez Percé"
Reference Print Resource
Historical photograph, public domain, cropped from original.
Levin, Matt.
"Large Indian Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Indian breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Pemmican"
Reference Print Resource
Image of pemmican, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Portable Soup"
Reference Print Resource
Image of portable soup, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Tobacco Leaves"
Reference Print Resource
Image of tobacco leaves, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
"White-Tailed Jackrabbit"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a white-tailed jackrabbit, cropped from original.

Background Image Used

Frazer, Robert. (1837).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division
Reference View Source
Background image of the expedition’s route, public domain, cropped from original.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

Boren, Jon, et. al.. (2004).
"Tanning Deer Hides and Small Fur Skins"
New Mexico State University
Comprehensive guide to traditional hide tanning methods with detailed instructions for both deer hides and smaller fur skins.
"Coat, C.I.38.23.36"
The Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum, New York City, NY
Artifact View Source
Museum artifact showcasing historical garment construction techniques and materials used in traditional clothing.
Evans, Mireille. (2020).
"Brain Tanning a Deer Hide"
Wilderness Awareness School
Reference View Source
Modern instructional guide demonstrating the traditional brain tanning technique used by indigenous peoples to create soft, durable leather.
Frazer, Robert. (1807).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map documenting the expedition’s route, relevant to the context of clothing materials sourced during the journey.
LeHuray, Josh. (2020).
"From Deer Hide to Powhatan Clothing"
Henricus Historical Park
Reference View Source
Historical recreation and documentation of the Powhatan clothing production process using traditional methods.
Moore, Robert and Haynes, Michael. (2003).
"Tailor Made, Trail Worn"
Farcountry Press
Reference Print Resource
Detailed study of historical clothing construction and materials used in frontier and indigenous garments.
"Columbian black-tailed deer"
Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center, National Park Service
Resource View Source
Reference materials on Columbian black-tailed deer, an important resource for indigenous clothing and tools in the Pacific Northwest region.
"Pr. Of Modern Moccasins, E316289-0"
Ethnology, Anthropology Department, National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia
Footwear View Source
Museum specimen documenting traditional footwear construction techniques and materials used by indigenous peoples.
"Shoes, 2009.300.3482a–d"
The Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum, New York City, NY
Artifact View Source
Historical footwear collection showcasing design, materials, and construction methods.

Tanning Techniques

Boren, Jon, et. al.. (2004).
"Tanning Deer Hides and Small Fur Skins"
New Mexico State University
Comprehensive guide to traditional hide tanning methods with detailed instructions for both deer hides and smaller fur skins.
Evans, Mireille. (2020).
"Brain Tanning a Deer Hide"
Wilderness Awareness School
Reference View Source
Modern instructional guide demonstrating the traditional brain tanning technique used by indigenous peoples to create soft, durable leather.

Clothing Construction

"Coat, C.I.38.23.36"
The Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum, New York City, NY
Artifact View Source
Museum artifact showcasing historical garment construction techniques and materials used in traditional clothing.
LeHuray, Josh. (2020).
"From Deer Hide to Powhatan Clothing"
Henricus Historical Park
Reference View Source
Historical recreation and documentation of the Powhatan clothing production process using traditional methods.
Moore, Robert and Haynes, Michael. (2003).
"Tailor Made, Trail Worn"
Farcountry Press
Reference Print Resource
Detailed study of historical clothing construction and materials used in frontier and indigenous garments.

Materials & Resources

Frazer, Robert. (1807).
"A map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rockey Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointement or the Coloumbia River at the north Pacific Ocean"
Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map documenting the expedition’s route, relevant to the context of clothing materials sourced during the journey.
"Columbian black-tailed deer"
Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center, National Park Service
Resource View Source
Reference materials on Columbian black-tailed deer, an important resource for indigenous clothing and tools in the Pacific Northwest region.

Footwear

"Pr. Of Modern Moccasins, E316289-0"
Ethnology, Anthropology Department, National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia
Footwear View Source
Museum specimen documenting traditional footwear construction techniques and materials used by indigenous peoples.
"Shoes, 2009.300.3482a–d"
The Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum, New York City, NY
Artifact View Source
Historical footwear collection showcasing design, materials, and construction methods.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

Beebout, Christopher.
"Bullitt’s Lick"
ExploreKYHistory
Reference View Source
Historical context of Bullitt’s Lick, a significant site near West Point related to early settlement and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Founding of West Point/James Young"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Details the founding of West Point and the role of James Young, as documented by a historical marker.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"James Young House"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Information on the historical marker for the James Young House in West Point.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Reubin Field, a West Point native and expedition member.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Joseph Field, a West Point native and expedition member.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"The Salt Works"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Description of the salt-making process at Fort Clatsop, relevant to expedition activities.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of nine Kentucky men, including West Point natives, who participated in the expedition.
"Camp Site, West Point, KY"
Lewis and Clark Trust
Reference View Source
Details on the expedition’s camp site in West Point, Kentucky.
"History"
City of West Point
Reference View Source
Historical overview of West Point, including its connection to the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of John Shields, another expedition member with ties to the West Point area.
(2023).
"Salt Works, Oregon"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Information on the Oregon salt works established by the expedition.
Hulse, James. (2022).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky Field Brothers Marker"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for the Field brothers in Kentucky.
"James Young’s House"
Lewis and Clark Trust
Reference View Source
Photograph of James Young’s house, a significant site in West Point’s history.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky - John Shields (1769-1809) Marker (Side 1)"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for John Shields in Kentucky.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Young’s Inn Marker"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for Young’s Inn in West Point.
Dougtone.
"Lewis & Clark Salt Works - Seaside, Oregon"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Photograph of the Lewis and Clark Salt Works in Seaside, Oregon, used under CC BY-SA 2.0.
Hoeing, Joseph Bernard.
"Preliminary map of Kentucky"
Kentucky Geological Survey, The Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of Kentucky, providing geographical context for West Point.

Text Sources

Beebout, Christopher.
"Bullitt’s Lick"
ExploreKYHistory
Reference View Source
Historical context of Bullitt’s Lick, a significant site near West Point related to early settlement and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Founding of West Point/James Young"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Details the founding of West Point and the role of James Young, as documented by a historical marker.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"James Young House"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Information on the historical marker for the James Young House in West Point.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Reubin Field, a West Point native and expedition member.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of Joseph Field, a West Point native and expedition member.
Mussulman, Joseph A..
"The Salt Works"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Description of the salt-making process at Fort Clatsop, relevant to expedition activities.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of nine Kentucky men, including West Point natives, who participated in the expedition.
"Camp Site, West Point, KY"
Lewis and Clark Trust
Reference View Source
Details on the expedition’s camp site in West Point, Kentucky.
"History"
City of West Point
Reference View Source
Historical overview of West Point, including its connection to the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of John Shields, another expedition member with ties to the West Point area.
(2023).
"Salt Works, Oregon"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Information on the Oregon salt works established by the expedition.

Photo Credits

Hulse, James. (2022).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky Field Brothers Marker"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for the Field brothers in Kentucky.
"James Young’s House"
Lewis and Clark Trust
Reference View Source
Photograph of James Young’s house, a significant site in West Point’s history.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Lewis and Clark in Kentucky - John Shields (1769-1809) Marker (Side 1)"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for John Shields in Kentucky.
Bosse, Tom. (2018).
"Young’s Inn Marker"
Historical Marker Database
Reference View Source
Photograph of the historical marker for Young’s Inn in West Point.
Dougtone.
"Lewis & Clark Salt Works - Seaside, Oregon"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Photograph of the Lewis and Clark Salt Works in Seaside, Oregon, used under CC BY-SA 2.0.
Hoeing, Joseph Bernard.
"Preliminary map of Kentucky"
Kentucky Geological Survey, The Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of Kentucky, providing geographical context for West Point.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

Bodmer, Karl.
"Blackfoot Indian"
Wikipedia
Reference View Source
Illustration of a Blackfoot Indian, relevant to expedition encounters with Native American tribes.
Bodmer, Karl.
"Winter Village of the Manitaries (Hiddatsa) in Dakota Territory"
National Archives Catalog
Reference View Source
Painting depicting a Hidatsa winter village, illustrating the environmental and cultural challenges faced by the expedition.
Hagel, Frank.
"Expedition Members Meeting Native Americans"
Frank Hagel Art
Reference View Source
Artwork showing interactions between expedition members and Native Americans, highlighting diplomatic challenges.
"Background Map: Universalis Cosmographia Secundum Ptholomaei Traditionem et Americi Vespucii Aliorū Que Lustrationes"
Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map providing geographical context for the expedition’s navigational challenges.
Lucy, Gary.
"The Departure from Wood River Encampment"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration of the expedition’s departure from Wood River, marking the start of their challenging journey.
Rumsey, David.
"Route of Expedition"
Internet Archive
Reference View Source
Map tracing the expedition’s route, highlighting geographical and logistical challenges.
"Clark’s Sketches of the Keelboat"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Sketches by William Clark of the expedition’s keelboat, illustrating transportation challenges.
"Clark’s Sketches of the Keelboat Birds Eye View"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Bird’s-eye view sketches of the keelboat by William Clark, depicting equipment-related challenges.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

BLMIdaho.
"Lemhi Pass"
Openverse
Reference View Source
Image of Lemhi Pass, a key expedition landmark where John Shields contributed.
Bodmer, Karl.
"Winter Village of the Manitaries (Hidatsa) in Dakota Territory"
National Archives Catalog
Reference View Source
Painting depicting a Hidatsa winter village, illustrating the environment where Shields worked.
Carson, Jim.
"The Great Falls"
Jim Carson Studio
Reference View Source
Artwork depicting the Great Falls, a challenging site where Shields’ skills were utilized.
cascadevideoproductions.
"Beacon Rock"
Openverse
Reference View Source
Image of Beacon Rock, a significant landmark during the expedition.
Fisher, John W., and Kristopher K. Townsend.
"French and Missouri Axe Head"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Image of an axe head, highlighting tools crafted or repaired by John Shields.
Gooseterrain2.
"Winter Fort Mandan"
Wikipedia
Reference View Source
Image of Fort Mandan, where Shields contributed to construction and survival efforts.
Rocco, Keith, and Harpers Ferry National Historic Park, U.S. National Park Service.
"The Iron-Framed Boat"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Illustration of the iron-framed boat, showcasing Shields’ blacksmithing contributions.
Mah, Connor.
"White Tailed Jackrabbit"
Openverse
Reference View Source
Photograph of a white-tailed jackrabbit, representing wildlife encountered by the expedition.
National Museum of the American Indian.
"Tomahawk/Axe"
National Museum of the American Indian
Reference View Source
Image of a tomahawk/axe, illustrating tools potentially crafted or repaired by Shields.
National Park Service.
"Fort Clatsop"
National Park Service
Reference View Source
Information and image of Fort Clatsop, where Shields contributed to construction.
Peaco, Jim.
"Mule Deer"
Openverse
Reference View Source
Photograph of a mule deer, representing game hunted during the expedition.
Wood River Heritage Council.
"Camp DuBois"
Wood River Illinois Museum
Reference View Source
Image of Camp DuBois, an early expedition site where Shields prepared equipment.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

(2018).
"Beargrass"
National Parks Service
Resource View Source
Information on beargrass, a plant documented by the expedition and featured in walking trail panels.
(2021).
"Bitterroot"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the bitterroot plant, its significance, and use in the expedition.
"Camas"
L3 – The Lewis and Clark Rediscovery Project
Reference View Source
Overview of camas, a key plant encountered and used during the expedition.
(2023).
"Chinook Canoes"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Description of Chinook canoes and their role in the expedition's travel.
(2015).
"Common Camas"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on common camas, including its botanical details and expedition relevance.
(2022).
"Common Snowberry"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the common snowberry plant and its observations during the trail.
(2021).
"Cottonwood Trees"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of cottonwood trees, used for canoes and observed along the trail.
"Cous Roots"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on cous roots, a food source noted in the expedition journals.
(2020).
"Edible Thistles"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on edible thistles encountered and utilized during the journey.
(2024).
"January 21, 1806"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from January 21, 1806, relevant to trail observations.
(2024).
"January 26, 1806"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from January 26, 1806, providing context for plant discoveries.
(2024).
"July 20, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from July 20, 1804, noting early trail experiences.
(2018).
"Long-Leaved Sage"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on long-leaved sage observed along the trail.
(2021).
"Madrone Tree"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the madrone tree and its significance.
(2023).
"Medicine on the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of medicinal plants used during the expedition.
(2022).
"Native Names of Plants and Animals along the Lewis and Clark Trail"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
List of Native names for plants and animals encountered on the trail.
(2024).
"November 15, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from November 15, 1804, relevant to trail panels.
(2024).
"October 3, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from October 3, 1804, providing historical context.
Whitescarver, Bobby R.. (2019).
"Osage Orange from Meriwether Lewis Planted in Swoope"
Getting More on the Ground
Reference View Source
Article on Osage orange trees planted from seeds collected by Lewis.
Bauer, Scott.
"ARS pawpaw"
USDA ARS
Reference Print Resource
Image of pawpaw, used under public domain, cropped from original.
Morefield, Jim.
"bitterroot, Lewisia rediviva var. rediviva"
Reference Print Resource
Image of bitterroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Camas, Camassia quamash"
Reference Print Resource
Image of camas, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Sigmund, Walter.
"Clarkia pulchella 0287"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Clarkia pulchella, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Lewis, Meriwether.
"Codex J: 053"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Lewis's journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Moore, Jenny A..
"Common camas flower"
Reference Print Resource
Image of common camas flower, public domain, cropped from original.
Smith, Harlan Ingersoll.
"Dugout cottonwood canoe on bank of Fraser River, British Columbia"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a dugout cottonwood canoe, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Elkhorn, Clarkia pulchella"
Reference Print Resource
Image of elkhorn Clarkia pulchella, cropped from original.
Leppig, Gordon & Pickart, Andrea J..
"Evergreen Huckleberry"
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of evergreen huckleberry, cropped from original.
Hartwood, Garth.
"golden currant, gold-johannisbeere"
Reference Print Resource
Image of golden currant, used under CC BY 4.0, cropped from original.
Levin, Matt.
"Large Indian Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of large Indian breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Lewisia rediviva Pursh"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Lewisia rediviva, cropped from original.
Ledger, Ben.
"Lomatium cous flowers"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Lomatium cous flowers, cropped from original.
Conde, Micheal.
"Pawpaw fruit"
Reference Print Resource
Image of pawpaw fruit, used under public domain, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Populus deltoides W."
Reference Print Resource
Image of Populus deltoides, cropped from original.
Pawek, Jean.
"Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii; Fremont Cottonwood"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Fremont cottonwood, used under CC BY 3.0, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Ribes sanguineum Pursh"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Ribes sanguineum, cropped from original.
Whitescarver, Bobby R..
"Looking up from the base of a mature Osage Orange tree"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Osage orange tree, permission given, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"String of Dried Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of string of dried breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Ledger, Ben.
"The “biscuit root”"
Reference Print Resource
Image of biscuit root, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Thuja plicata"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Thuja plicata, cropped from original.
Haddock, Mike.
"Osage Orange"
KSU
Reference Print Resource
Image of Osage orange, used under public domain, cropped from original.

Text Sources

(2018).
"Beargrass"
National Parks Service
Resource View Source
Information on beargrass, a plant documented by the expedition and featured in walking trail panels.
(2021).
"Bitterroot"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the bitterroot plant, its significance, and use in the expedition.
"Camas"
L3 – The Lewis and Clark Rediscovery Project
Reference View Source
Overview of camas, a key plant encountered and used during the expedition.
(2023).
"Chinook Canoes"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Description of Chinook canoes and their role in the expedition's travel.
(2015).
"Common Camas"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on common camas, including its botanical details and expedition relevance.
(2022).
"Common Snowberry"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the common snowberry plant and its observations during the trail.
(2021).
"Cottonwood Trees"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of cottonwood trees, used for canoes and observed along the trail.
"Cous Roots"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on cous roots, a food source noted in the expedition journals.
(2020).
"Edible Thistles"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on edible thistles encountered and utilized during the journey.
(2024).
"January 21, 1806"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from January 21, 1806, relevant to trail observations.
(2024).
"January 26, 1806"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from January 26, 1806, providing context for plant discoveries.
(2024).
"July 20, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from July 20, 1804, noting early trail experiences.
(2018).
"Long-Leaved Sage"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Information on long-leaved sage observed along the trail.
(2021).
"Madrone Tree"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Details on the madrone tree and its significance.
(2023).
"Medicine on the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
Overview of medicinal plants used during the expedition.
(2022).
"Native Names of Plants and Animals along the Lewis and Clark Trail"
National Parks Service
Reference View Source
List of Native names for plants and animals encountered on the trail.
(2024).
"November 15, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from November 15, 1804, relevant to trail panels.
(2024).
"October 3, 1804"
Discover Lewis & Clark
Reference View Source
Journal entry from October 3, 1804, providing historical context.
Whitescarver, Bobby R.. (2019).
"Osage Orange from Meriwether Lewis Planted in Swoope"
Getting More on the Ground
Reference View Source
Article on Osage orange trees planted from seeds collected by Lewis.

Images Used

Bauer, Scott.
"ARS pawpaw"
USDA ARS
Reference Print Resource
Image of pawpaw, used under public domain, cropped from original.
Morefield, Jim.
"bitterroot, Lewisia rediviva var. rediviva"
Reference Print Resource
Image of bitterroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Camas, Camassia quamash"
Reference Print Resource
Image of camas, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Sigmund, Walter.
"Clarkia pulchella 0287"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Clarkia pulchella, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Lewis, Meriwether.
"Codex J: 053"
American Philosophical Society
Reference Print Resource
Illustration from Lewis's journal, permission granted, cropped from original.
Moore, Jenny A..
"Common camas flower"
Reference Print Resource
Image of common camas flower, public domain, cropped from original.
Smith, Harlan Ingersoll.
"Dugout cottonwood canoe on bank of Fraser River, British Columbia"
Reference Print Resource
Image of a dugout cottonwood canoe, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"Elkhorn, Clarkia pulchella"
Reference Print Resource
Image of elkhorn Clarkia pulchella, cropped from original.
Leppig, Gordon & Pickart, Andrea J..
"Evergreen Huckleberry"
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Reference Print Resource
Image of evergreen huckleberry, cropped from original.
Hartwood, Garth.
"golden currant, gold-johannisbeere"
Reference Print Resource
Image of golden currant, used under CC BY 4.0, cropped from original.
Levin, Matt.
"Large Indian Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of large Indian breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Lewisia rediviva Pursh"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Lewisia rediviva, cropped from original.
Ledger, Ben.
"Lomatium cous flowers"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Lomatium cous flowers, cropped from original.
Conde, Micheal.
"Pawpaw fruit"
Reference Print Resource
Image of pawpaw fruit, used under public domain, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Populus deltoides W."
Reference Print Resource
Image of Populus deltoides, cropped from original.
Pawek, Jean.
"Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii; Fremont Cottonwood"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Fremont cottonwood, used under CC BY 3.0, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Ribes sanguineum Pursh"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Ribes sanguineum, cropped from original.
Whitescarver, Bobby R..
"Looking up from the base of a mature Osage Orange tree"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Osage orange tree, permission given, cropped from original.
Townsend, Kristopher K..
"String of Dried Breadroot"
Reference Print Resource
Image of string of dried breadroot, used under CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from original.
Ledger, Ben.
"The “biscuit root”"
Reference Print Resource
Image of biscuit root, cropped from original.
Reveal, James L., and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium.
"Thuja plicata"
Reference Print Resource
Image of Thuja plicata, cropped from original.
Haddock, Mike.
"Osage Orange"
KSU
Reference Print Resource
Image of Osage orange, used under public domain, cropped from original.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025

Field, Eugene A., Lucie C.. (2006).
"The Ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery"
Reference View Source
Genealogical details on the post-expedition lives of the Field brothers.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile detailing Reubin Field’s life after the expedition.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile detailing Joseph Field’s life after the expedition.
Rogers, Ann. (2002).
"Lewis and Clark in Missouri"
University of Missouri Press
Reference Print Resource
Historical account of the expedition’s activities in Missouri, including post-expedition details.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of the post-expedition lives of nine Kentucky men, including the Field brothers.
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of John Shields, including his post-expedition life.
Cline, Mike.
"Shields River"
Reference View Source
Photograph of the Shields River, named after John Shields, used under CC BY 4.0, cropped from original.
"Kentucky, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1774-1989: Wills Vol. 1-3, 1784-1846"
Ancestry.com
Reference Print Resource
Probate records providing details on the post-expedition lives of expedition members.
"John Shields Lewis and Clark Expedition Member"
Indiana Historical Bureau
Reference View Source
Historical marker information about John Shields’ post-expedition life.
Clark, William.
"William Clark account book, May 25, 1825 to June 14, 1828"
Everett D. Graff Collection of Western Americana (Newberry Library)
Reference View Source
Account book by William Clark, providing post-expedition context.
Hoeing, Joseph Bernard.
"Preliminary map of Kentucky"
Kentucky Geological Survey, The Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of Kentucky, providing geographical context for post-expedition activities.

Text Sources

Field, Eugene A., Lucie C.. (2006).
"The Ancestry of Joseph and Reubin Field of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery"
Reference View Source
Genealogical details on the post-expedition lives of the Field brothers.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Reubin Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile detailing Reubin Field’s life after the expedition.
Fifer, Barbara.
"Joseph Field"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile detailing Joseph Field’s life after the expedition.
Rogers, Ann. (2002).
"Lewis and Clark in Missouri"
University of Missouri Press
Reference Print Resource
Historical account of the expedition’s activities in Missouri, including post-expedition details.
Yater, George H.. (1992).
"Nine Young Men From Kentucky"
We Proceeded On, May 1992, Supplementary Publication No. 11, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
Overview of the post-expedition lives of nine Kentucky men, including the Field brothers.
"John Shields"
Discover Lewis and Clark
Reference View Source
Biographical profile of John Shields, including his post-expedition life.
Clark, William.
"William Clark account book, May 25, 1825 to June 14, 1828"
Everett D. Graff Collection of Western Americana (Newberry Library)
Reference View Source
Account book by William Clark, providing post-expedition context.

Photo Sources

Cline, Mike.
"Shields River"
Reference View Source
Photograph of the Shields River, named after John Shields, used under CC BY 4.0, cropped from original.
"Kentucky, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1774-1989: Wills Vol. 1-3, 1784-1846"
Ancestry.com
Reference Print Resource
Probate records providing details on the post-expedition lives of expedition members.
"John Shields Lewis and Clark Expedition Member"
Indiana Historical Bureau
Reference View Source
Historical marker information about John Shields’ post-expedition life.
Hoeing, Joseph Bernard.
"Preliminary map of Kentucky"
Kentucky Geological Survey, The Library of Congress
Reference View Source
Historical map of Kentucky, providing geographical context for post-expedition activities.
Commonwealth of Kentucky
CITY OF WEST POINT

Updated: December 2025